Keithley 6221/2182A/E Delta Mode System

Overview

The Keithley 6221 AC and DC Current Source is designed for precision measurements in demanding test environments, particularly in semiconductor, nanotechnology, and superconductor industries. It combines low-current sourcing capabilities with exceptionally low noise and high accuracy, making it ideal for sensitive characterization and measurement applications.

Key Features

• Source and sink currents from 100 femtoamperes to 100 milliamperes
• Exceptional current sourcing accuracy for precision measurements
• 65,000-point source memory for comprehensive test current sweeps
• AC current sourcing from 2 picoamperes to 100 milliamperes
• 10 MHz output update rate for smooth sine waves up to 100 kHz
• Built-in standard and arbitrary waveform generators (1 mHz to 100 kHz)
• Reconfigurable triax output for application-specific guarding requirements
• Model 220 emulation mode for compatibility with existing test applications
• Programmable pulse widths to limit power dissipation in delicate components
• Pulsed I-V measurements down to 50 microseconds (with Model 2182A Nanovoltmeter)
• Multiple communication interfaces: RS-232, GPIB, Trigger Link, digital I/O, and Ethernet

Applications

• Hall effect measurements and analysis
• Resistance measurements using delta mode
• Pulsed I-V and differential conductance measurements
• Complex programmable load operation
• Sensor signal simulation and noise emulation
• Semiconductor device characterization